Monday, November 14, 2011

Question of the week 40: Sovereign


Welcome to the 40th Question of the Week entry!  This week I will cover the word sovereign in the following question:

Does the impact of globalization have a positive effect on the sovereignty of a state?

The word sovereign stands for a state that has complete control over a specific territory and its inhabitants. Currently there are 195 sovereign states1. For these states to be recognized, a number of criteria have to be met. These include: a defined territory, inhabitants within that territory, a government, and the ability to interact with other states. The last point is important because if no other country recognizes a self-proclaimed state, then it cannot be defined as a sovereign state.

When looking at the world today, virtually every country is connected to each other in some way. Computers for instance may be designed in the USA, after which suppliers from South Korea would send parts to China for assembly, which would then be transported via a Danish shipping firm to Doha, Qatar. The same can be said for local cultures, since in many big cities around the world there is a China town. These all play a role in governments since countries would have to trade with each other in order to import and export products.

State sovereignty looks at the rules in which a country governs its territory and people. For trade to occur, it would mean that the trading countries have to accept a set of rules in the likelihood that something goes wrong. For instance, if a criminal in country A steals property of a company from country B, then country B would ask country A to fulfill its obligations and catch the criminal. If not, then country B would threaten country A by place trade embargos, cut financial aid, or halt government investments, just to name a few. Thus due to the increase in trade, as an effect of globalization, it establishes a set of rules that facilitate the communication between two sovereign states.

Certain global initiatives may also affect state sovereignty by making governments change the way they let their inhabitants live. One example is the Kyoto protocol, which asks member nations to reduce their greenhouse emissions (CO2) and other air pollutants. By sharing the common problem of pollution, which is a result of the ever increasing globalization and manufacture of products such as cars, fast-food, and electronics, governments would change their legislation to a worldwide standard that is beneficial to the environment and ultimately its inhabitants. Another example concerns the diminishing of trade barriers that has to be adopted by, for instance, members of the European Economic Area (EEA), the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the Association of South East Asian Nations free trade zone (ASEAN). This has the positive effect of exposing the local inhabitants to cheaper prices and to a greater variety of products. Thus, sovereign states now combine their knowledge to tackle the consequences of globalization collectively that positively affects the standard of living of its inhabitants.

In short: A sovereign state is a state that is independent of other states, defined by its territory and inhabitants. Globalization has a positive impact on the sovereignty of a state as changes in legislation have to be made in order to facilitate communication with a foreign state. It also allows countries to collectively work together in tackling the consequences of globalization, such as pollution and trade barriers.

If you have any doubts, questions, or would like to contribute, then please do not hesitate to leave a comment!

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